Whatever the mirror test tells us, beluga whales pass it

Recent research has revealed that beluga whales are capable of passing the mirror test, a widely recognized measure of self-awareness in animals. This test involves placing a mark on an animal in a location it cannot see without a mirror. If the animal uses the mirror to investigate and attempt to remove the mark, it is considered to have self-awareness.

Belugas, known for their distinctive white coloration and vocalizations, join a select group of species that have demonstrated this ability, including great apes, dolphins, and elephants. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions in the scientific community regarding animal cognition and consciousness.

While the mirror test has been a standard for assessing self-awareness, some experts argue that it may not fully capture the complexities of animal intelligence. Critics suggest that the test may be biased towards species that rely heavily on visual cues, potentially overlooking the cognitive abilities of animals that use other senses.

The implications of this research extend beyond understanding belugas; it raises questions about the nature of self-awareness in various species and how we define intelligence in the animal kingdom. As more studies emerge, the conversation about animal cognition continues to evolve, challenging traditional views and encouraging a broader perspective on the capabilities of non-human animals.

Source: arstechnica.com – https://arstechnica.com/science/2026/05/belugas-may-pass-the-mirror-test-but-does-the-mirror-test-still-pass/